Progress
On track or target met
On track or target met

Desired direction: Increase

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Headline data

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
Year Value Units Series
2011 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2016 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2014 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2017 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2022 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2018 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2010 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2015 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2013 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2020 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2021 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2019 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2023 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies
2012 100 % Proportion of the population whose primary source of energy is clean fuels and technologies

Geographical Area:

Unit of Measurement:

Footnote:

Methodological sheet of the indicator available for the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.

Available indicator

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
Target

7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
Goal

7- Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Definition

Number of people using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating, and lighting, divided by the total population using cooking, heating, or lighting, expressed as a percentage.

“Clean” is defined by the emission rate targets and specific fuel recommendations included in the normative guidance WHO guidelines for indoor air quality. Unprocessed coal and kerosene are considered unclean fuels.
Theoretical formula \[PPUC_{clean\, fuels}^{t} = \frac{PUC_{clean\, fuels}^{t}}{PUC^{t}} \cdot 100\]

where:

$PUC_{clean\, fuels}^{t} =$ people using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating, and lighting in year $t$

$P^{t} =$ population that uses cooking, heating or lighting in year $t$
Frequency

Annual
Data last updated 2025/04/22
Metadata last updated 2025/06/18

This section provides more information about the United Nations indicator or the European Union Sustainable Development Indicator, such as its rationale, international results, metadata, and other relevant statistics.

Rationale

Cooking, lighting and heating represent a large share of household energy use across the low- and middle-income countries. For cooking and heating, households typically rely on solid fuels (such as wood, charcoal, biomass) or kerosene paired with inefficient technologies (e.g. open fires, stoves, space heaters or lamps).

It is well known that reliance on such inefficient energy for cooking, heating and lighting is associated with high levels of household (indoor) air pollution.

The use of inefficient fuels for cooking alone is estimated to cause over 4 million deaths annually, mainly among women and children. This is more than Tuberculosis, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and malaria combined. These adverse health impacts can be avoided by adopting clean fuels and technologies for all main household energy end-or in some circumstances by adopting advanced combustion cook stoves (i.e. those which achieve the emission rates targets provided by the WHO guidelines) and adopting strict protocols for their safe use.

Source: United Nations Statistics Division
Comparability between the available indicator and the UN indicator

The available indicator complies with United Nations metadata.
International results

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology (%) EG_EGY_CLEAN UNSTATS
Link to UN metadata

Metadata 7-1-2.pdf
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