Progress
On track or target met
On track or target met

Desired direction: Sustainment o increase

Sub-categories

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Download source data for disaggregations (.csv)

Headline data

(a) Mountain Green Cover Index and (b) proportion of degraded mountain land
Year Value Units
2015 95.5 %
2018 95.53 %
2021 95.53 %

Geographical Area:

Unit of Measurement:

Footnote:

Methodological sheet of the indicator available for the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.

Available indicator

Mountain Green Cover Index
Definition

Area of ​​green cover (forests, grasslands and croplands) in mountain areas relative to the total area of ​​mountain areas
Theoretical formula \[PSMV^{t} = \frac{SMV^{t}}{SM^{t}} \cdot 100\]

where:

$SMV^{t} =$ area of ​​mountain areas covered by forests, grasslands and croplands in year $t$

$SM^{t} =$ area of ​​mountain areas in year $t$
Frequency

Triennial
Data last updated 2025/04/22
Metadata last updated 2025/06/06

This section provides more information about the United Nations indicator or the European Union Sustainable Development Indicator, such as its rationale, international results, metadata, and other relevant statistics.

Rationale

Mountain ecosystems are important biodiversity centres that provide valuable ecosystem services to upstream and downstream areas. Yet, mountains are very fragile and impacted easily by both natural and anthropogenic factors. These can include climate change, unplanned agricultural expansion, unplanned urbanization, timber extraction, recreational activities and natural hazards such as landslides and flooding.

The degradation of mountain ecosystems such as loss of the glacial cover, mountain biodiversity and green cover will affect the ability of the ecosystem to supply water downstream. The loss of forest and vegetative cover will reduce the ability of the ecosystem to retain soil and prevent landslides and flooding downstream.

Source: United Nations Statistics Division
Comparability between the available indicator and the UN indicator

The available indicator does not comply with United Nations metadata but provides similar information
International results

Mountain Green Cover Index ER_MTN_GRNCVI, MGCI Montano UNSTATS
Link to UN metadata

Metadata 15-4-2.pdf
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