Progress
Fair progress but acceleration needed
Fair progress but acceleration needed

Desired direction: Decrease

Sub-categories

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Headline data

Proportion of people living below 50% of the median income
Year Value Units
2008 8.0 %
2012 8.7 %
2014 11.0 %
2016 10.0 %
2018 10.6 %
2020 11.1 %
2022 10.0 %

Geographical Area:

Unit of Measurement:

Footnote:

Methodological sheet of the indicator available for the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.

Available indicator

Proportion of people living below 50% of the median income
Target

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
Goal

10- Reduce inequality within and among countries
Definition

Proportion of people living with an income per unit of consumption under 50% of the national median income per unit of consumption (modified OECD scale)
Theoretical formula \[PP50ME^{t} = \frac{P50ME^{t}}{P^{t}} \cdot 100\]

where:

$P50ME^{t} =$ population living with an income per unit of consumption under 50% of the national median income per unit of consumption (modified OECD scale) in year $t$

$P^{t} =$ total population in year $t$
Frequency

Annual
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Indicator calculated using a methodology harmonised across the central statistical bodies of the autonomous communities
Data last updated 2025/05/08
Metadata last updated 2025/06/06

This section provides more information about the United Nations indicator or the European Union Sustainable Development Indicator, such as its rationale, international results, metadata, and other relevant statistics.

Rationale

Addressing social inclusion and inequality is important on the global development agenda as well as on the national development agenda of many countries. The share of the population living below 50% of median national income is a measure that is useful for monitoring the level and trends in social inclusion, relative poverty and inequality within a country.

The share of people living below 50% of the median is an indicator of relative poverty and inequality of the income distribution within a country.

This indicator and similar relative measures are commonly used for poverty measurement in rich countries (including Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) poverty indicators and Eurostat’s indicators of risk of poverty or social exclusion) and are increasingly also used as a complementary measure of inequality and poverty in low- and middle- income countries.

Source: United Nations Statistics Division
Comparability between the available indicator and the UN indicator

The available indicator complies with United Nations metadata.
Link to UN metadata

Metadata 10-2-1.pdf
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