Progress
Fair progress but acceleration needed
Fair progress but acceleration needed

Target: Reduce by half the population living in poverty in all its dimensions

Sub-categories

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Headline data

AROPE rate. Proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion
Year Value Units
2014 22.7 %
2020 19.9 %
2008 17.9 %
2018 20.7 %
2004 19.6 %
2022 19.5 %
2012 19.9 %
2016 20.6 %

Geographical Area:

Unit of Measurement:

Footnote: Data from 2022 onwards for the AROPE Poverty and Exclusion Indicator are calculated using the new definition of the rate (Eurostat methodology from 2021), while previous data correspond to the old definition.

Methodological sheet of the indicator available for the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.

Available indicator

AROPE rate. Proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion
Target

1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
Goal

1- End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Definition

Proportion of people who meet at least one of the three criteria for risk of poverty or social exclusion (being at risk of relative poverty, in a situation of material and social deprivation or living in a household with low work intensity)
Theoretical formula \[T_{AROPE}^{t} = \frac{P_{AROPE}^{t}}{P^{t}} \cdot 100\]

where:

$P_{AROPE}^{t} =$ population at risk of poverty or social exclusion in year $t$

$P^{t} =$ total population in year $t$
Available disaggregations

Dimensions of poverty

Sex
Frequency

Biennial
Observations

The indicator measures the proportion of people who meet at least one of the following criteria:

People at risk of relative poverty: people with income per unit of consumption below 60% of the median (modified OECD scale).

The number of consumption units in a household is calculated using the modified OECD scale, which assigns a weight of 1 to the first person aged 14 or over, a weight of 0.5 for other people aged 14 or over and a weight of 0.3 for people under 14 years of age.

People in a situation of severe material and social deprivation: people who suffer from at least seven from the following list of thirteen limitations (seven defined at the household level and six at the individual level):

At the household level:

  1. You can’t afford to go on vacation for at least one week a year.
  2. You cannot afford a meal of meat, chicken or fish at least every other day.
  3. You cannot afford to keep the home at an adequate temperature.
  4. You do not have the capacity to face unforeseen expenses.
  5. You have had delays in the payment of expenses related to the main home (mortgage or rent, gas bills, community…) or in installment purchases in the last 12 months.
  6. You can’t afford a car.
  7. You cannot replace damaged or old furniture.

At the individual level:

  1. You cannot afford to replace damaged clothes with new ones.
  2. You can’t afford to have two pairs of shoes in good condition.
  3. You can’t afford to meet friends/family for food or drinks at least once a month.
  4. You cannot afford to regularly participate in leisure activities.
  5. You can’t afford to spend a small amount of money on yourself.
  6. Cannot afford internet connection.

In the case of minors under 16 years of age, the six concepts listed above are not available at the individual level. For these minors, the values of these elements are imputed from the values collected for the members of their household aged 16 or over.

Low work intensity: these are households in which their working age members (people from 18 to 64 years old, excluding students from 18 to 24 years old, retirees or retirees, as well as inactive people between 60 and 64 whose main source of household income are pensions) worked less than 20% of their total work potential during the reference year. This variable does not apply for people aged 65 and over.
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Indicator calculated using a methodology harmonised across the central statistical bodies of the autonomous communities
Data last updated 2025/05/08
Metadata last updated 2025/06/18

This section provides more information about the United Nations indicator or the European Union Sustainable Development Indicator, such as its rationale, international results, metadata, and other relevant statistics.

Rationale

Traditionally, poverty has been defined as a lack of money. However, poverty must be understood much more broadly. A poor person can suffer multiple disadvantages at the same time; For example, you can suffer from poor health or malnutrition, lack of drinking water or electricity, poor quality of work or little schooling. Focusing on a single factor, such as income, is not enough to capture the true reality of poverty.

In the European Union, the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, abbreviated as AROPE, corresponds to the sum of people who are at risk of poverty (income poverty), severely disadvantaged materially and socially, or living in a household with a very low work intensity. People are included only once, even if they are in more than one of the situations mentioned above. The AROPE rate is the proportion of the total population who are at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

The AROPE rate is the main indicator for monitoring the EU poverty and social exclusion target for 2030 and was the leading indicator to monitor the poverty target of the EU 2020 strategy.

The European Pillar of Social Rights proposes three objectives at the level of EU to be achieved by 2030 in the areas of employment, skills and social protection. Poverty and social exclusion is one of the objectives. The number of people at risk of poverty or exclusion should be reduced by at least 15 million by 2030, and of these, at least 5 million should be children.

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, Eurostat
Comparability between the available indicator and the UN indicator

The available indicator complies with United Nations metadata.
International results

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex (ilc_peps01n) Eurostat
Link to UN metadata

Metadata 1-2-2.pdf

Metadata Eurostat (sdg_01_10)
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